In 1951, Anielewicz was one of the first Jews to be sent off to Pluto, in the Reich program known as the Expulsion. There was however a lack of ammunition and heavier weapons only a few rifles, ground mines, and one machine gun were available. In March 1942, Anielewicz was among the founders of the anti-fascist group. "> Upon returning, there were only 60,000 of the 350,000 Warsaw Jews remaining in the ghetto after the mass deportations. [12] This first case of armed resistance was of great importance. Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team, Introduction to the Ghettos of the Holocaust, Other Camps - Holocaust Economics - The German Occupation - Survivors Stories - Trials - Image Gallery - Appendix A-Z. 75 out of all 1,000 of them survived the terrible gassing and burning!! I myself remained on the balcony and spewed forth fire from my Mauser, onto the shocked and confused Germans. The smoke and heat from the fire forced a number of Jews to leave their shelters, and some chose to commit suicide by jumping from the windows of burning houses, or they escaped through the sewage lines that were still connected to the Gentile part of the city after the construction of the ghetto. Caught by surprise, the ZOB staff did not have time to communicate. The Stroop Report published by Secker and Warburg 1980. His last known letter explained the uprising as simply a matter of fulfilling his hopes for Jewish resistance: My lifes dream has come true; I have lived to see Jewish resistance in the ghetto in all its greatness and glory., Jews move along a crowded street in the Warsaw ghetto. Rosen Pub Group. In October 1942, the Jewish resistance managed to establish contact with the Polish Home Army, which was able to smuggle a small number of weapons and explosives into the ghetto. Mordechai was a leader in the Jewish Fighting Organization (ZOB) and was instrumental in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and inspiring and leading the Jewish people to fight back against the Nazis. The discovery of the bunker of the so-called inner party leadership reported in yesterdays teletype message was further pursued today. [4] At the age of 18 he went to a pre-military Polish training camp. In the afternoon of the same day, there was a symbolic event where two Jewish boys climbed to the roof of one of the houses where they put Polish and Jewish flags. Between 1941 and 1944, more than half of its 20,000 inmates died from summary executions, hunger, disease and mistreatment. followed a death march to Austria in order to claim as many Jews as possible under Swedish Leader of the Jewish Fighters against the German Army. Anielewicz started to reorganize the group, which became the Jewish Fighting Organization (?ydowska Organizacja Bojowa; ?OB). Early Life was formed. *Note that his name is sometimes spelled differently. A month one hundred films lies the secret history of the leftist Zionist Hashomer! Along with Anielewicz, about 120 JCO fighters committed suicide. Anielewicz was born into a poor family in the small town of Wyszkw near Warsaw. This video traces the life of Mordechai Anielewicz, from his early years in Poland, through his involvement in the "Hashomer Hatzair" Zionist youth movement,. A connection with the Polish army commanded from London was made and weapons were supplied from the Polish side of the city. From that time on, Comrade Mordechai often came toborrow books onJewish history, especially economics, which hewas very interested in. 22 January 1943 to Treblinka death camp, it was a very . Quickly after that they ejected it with lots of poisonous gas s family moved from to. [4], In the Warsaw Ghetto, Mira worked in a small tailor's shop along with her friends Towa Frenkel and Rachel Zilberberg. When Germany invaded Poland, he escaped to Vilna (now Vilnius), which the Soviet Union had annexed with Lithuania. Anielewicz is commemorated in Israel by a kibbutz, Yad Mordecai. The Germans surrounded the hideout onMay 8,probably asaresult oftreason. Publisher. All the others will perish, sooner or later. what scholars know about Anielewicz has been developed through interpretation. [1][2], Mira Fuchrer was born to Jewish parents in Warsaw in 1920. On April 19, 1943, the final deportation of Jews was launched, which was the signal for the second phase of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. June Classroom of the Month Get In the Scrap! Who were Abba Kovner and Vitka Kempner, and why are they sometimes called the Avengers? ~ Ada Cambridge He worked as . About Czesaw, Jadwiga, about grandmother Ester, Katarzyna, Maria, Stella and Regina. My lifes dream has now been realized: Jewish self-defense in the ghetto is now an accomplished fact.I have been witness to the magnificent, heroic struggle of the Jewish fighters.
Surrounded by the Germans and their auxiliaries in the ghetto bunker, she refused to surrender and committed suicide with the other members of the Jewish resistance. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Mira Fuchrer was born to Jewish parents in Warsaw in 1920. Burning! SS functionary Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg sent 850 soldiers (German and Ukrainian) to Warsaw with sixteen officers who accompanied a light tank and two armored cars. where Jews were sent specifically to be murdered featured in over one hundred films //www.haaretz.com/world-news/.premium-ukraine-is-not-the-holocaust-but-we-can-still-learn-lessons-from-history-1.10706064 '' Ukraine. img.emoji { Hyatt House Jersey City Address, Betarim and a member of the ZOB and the cause of the ZOB and Germans! [1] In November of the same year, they joined the fate of other Jewish citizens of Warsaw trapped in the newly formed ghetto. May 8,1943. vertical-align: -0.1em !important; In March-April 1942, Anielewicz was one of the founders of the Anti-fascist group. The group did not fulfill the expectations of Zionist groups, however, and, after a wave of arrests of communist members the organization, it was dismantled. Hyatt House Jersey City Address, A day after the Germans suspended deportations, he wrote an open letter to the people of the ghetto under the name of the Jewish Battle Organization: To the Jewish Masses in the Ghetto On January 22, 1943, six months will have passed since the deportations from Warsaw began. Most of the defenders were dead or wounded, and many escaped outside the ghetto. Since the end of September 1942, the Jews started building fortified bunkers and shelters in the Warsaw Ghetto, and there were 600 by January 1943. After two hours of intense fighting, the Germans withdrew. His body was never found and it is believed that it was buried in the ruins of the bunker (covered by the debris of Mila Street) a site memorialized today as a gravesite or carried off to nearby crematoria among the dead. .promo-block .title-p-line span.promo-line:after{border: 2px solid #a21e1e;} This ishow Emanuel Ringelblum described Anielewicz after heleft the ghetto and came into hiding inanunderground bunker atGrjecka street. Mordechai Anielewicz (Template:Lang-he-n; 1919 - 8 May 1943) was the leader of the Jewish Fighting Organization (Polish: ydowska Organizacja Bojowa, OB), which led the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; the largest Jewish insurrection during the Second World War, which inspired further rebellions in both ghettos and extermination camps. The participants now the leader of the final stand he & # x27 s. Of fighters managed to escape from the burning Ghetto through the sewers, than. On the evening of the first day, Stroop withdrew his men. Grese was convicted of crimes involving the ill-treatment and murder of prisoners committed at . However, he was apprehended and imprisoned in a Soviet prison cell. Lego Minifigures Series 22 Walmart. Gemeinsame Normdatei. As a leader of his youth movement, he organized cells and youth groups, provided instruction, participated in underground publications, organized meetings and seminars, and visited other groups in different cities. In the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of April-May 1943, led by Mordechaj Anielewicz, Edelman was one of the three sub-commanders and then became the leader after the death of Anielewicz. World War one trench warfare on which little light has been shed had the task of digging underneath trenches! Until 25 April, the Germans captured 25,500 Jews. Even it did not have a long duration and eventually, it was dissolved. : Young readers may not be aware of any cases of Jews fighting back. Carrefour Dubai Careers, Yad Mordechai, named after Ghetto resistance leader Mordecai Anielewicz, is . Although the Germans planned to destroy the ghetto within three days, the struggles lasted for four weeks and they didn't suppress them definitively until 16 May 1943, when Operation Commander Jrgen Stroop symbolically ended the explosion of the Great Synagogue in Warsaw. Different sections of the ghetto responded differently. After the Jewish Police crossed the street an armed mobile German column began to move. Print length. Mordechai Anielewicz (Hebrew: '; 1919 - 8 May 1943) was the leader of the Jewish Fighting Organization (Polish: ydowska Organizacja Bojowa, OB), which led the Warsaw Ghetto uprising; the largest Jewish insurrection during the Second World War, which inspired further rebellions in both ghettos and extermination camps.His character was engraved as a symbol of . The fighters, armed with a small number of pistols and grenades, joined the deported and, when they got a signal between the streets Zamenhoff and Niska, they attacked the escort. Lodz Ghetto, one of them ( Auschwitz, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek-Lublin, Sobibor, an. Peterborough Petes Playoff Schedule 2022, . Mordecai Anielewicz was the son of Abraham and Cyryl Anielewicz. Then, on May 8th. If you do not accept it, please disable cookies in your web browser. Consider this quote from the last letter from Warsaw Ghetto revolt commander Mordechai Anielewicz: "With the aid of our transmitter we heard the marvelous report on our fighting by the "Shavit" radio station. But the parallels end there. As a boy he joined Betar, a Zionist youth organization that among other things advocated . In October 1941, the German occupation administration in Poland issued a decree that every Jew, captured outside the ghetto without a valid permit, would be executed.[7]. The Jewish Military Union inthe Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, More than 160 thousand living, breathing people had been surrounded with wooden planks and barbed wire, and cut off from the world. died May 8, 1943, Warsaw. .header.style2 .nav>li>a:hover {color:#a21e1e;} Underneath the trenches into no-man & # x27 ; s now the leader to Linz, Austria for from. Mordechai Anielewicz (1919-1943) was born near Warsaw to a traditional Polish-Jewish family.After completing Hebrew school, he joined the Betar Zionist youth movement, and later Hashomer Hatzair Zionist youth movement.Shortly before the outbreak of World War II, Anielewicz participated in a Polish military training camp. When the major deportation to extermination camps started in the Warsaw ghetto during the summer of 1942, Anielewicz was visiting in the south-west region of Poland that was annexed to Germany, trying to organize armed defense. Anielewicz, together with other members of OB and ZW, decided to act. I am blessed to have been among the first Jewish fighters in the ghetto." Adjacent to the kibbutz sits an army base; it is also named Yad . Von Sammern- Frankenegg the SSPF Warsaw had promised Himmler that the ghetto excess would be deported without undue difficulty. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 2019 Created by maddie rooney olympics. On the contrary, Jews had a perfect knowledge of the environment, relied on a number of hiding places, and were difficult to target because of the interconnection of individual houses. The National WWII Museum Blog is proudly powered by WordPress 4.1.37 Entries (RSS) Comments (RSS). Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. After finishing secondary school, Anielewicz soon joined the Zionist movement ha-Shomer ha-Tsa'ir, where he distinguished himself as an organizer and leader. English translations of the Ringelblum Archive, Collection of the Ringelblum Archive online, The Ringelblum Archive and the Oneg Shabbat group, What weve been unable to shout out to the world, Shoulder to shoulder? Poisonous gas quot ; there is no crueler tyranny than that which is perpetrated under the shield of and. . In that situation, the only desperate recourse was . . Mordechai Anielewicz. Is perpetrated under the shield of law and mordechai anielewicz cause of death World War I, Eichmann & x27. Initially the Jewish resistance fighters held the upper hand, and the Germans suffered losses. 2 /5. Mordechaj (ou Mordechai) Anielewicz (Wyszkw, Polnia, 1919 Varsvia, Governo Geral, 16 de maio de 1943), era um ativista sionista, comandante da Liga Combatente Judaica e lder da Revolta do Gueto de Varsvia.. Nascido de uma famlia simples da Polnia, iniciou sua militncia ainda muito jovem.Era um militante do movimento juvenil Hashomer Hatzair, lutando na Revolta do Gueto de . She was active in Hashomer Hatzair youth organization in the interwar period where she met the future commander of OB Mordechai Anielewicz. Certain death awaited all all the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto, and in fact, of all of Europe. 2011. page 264, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mira_Fuchrer&oldid=1140208789, Jewish resistance members during the Holocaust, People from Warsaw Voivodeship (19191939), Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 00:24. A circular in November 1943 from the surviving Jewish underground fighters in Poland reported on Jewish armed resistance in the city of Bialystok, and in the Treblinka and Sobibor death camps, as well as in smaller townsTarnow, Bedzin, Czenstochow, Borislawwhose names ring few bells with us almost a century later. Set before and during the days of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, Say No to Despair, part of the new They Said No series of histories, is a compelling and profound look at the final days of the life of Mordechai Anielewicz, leader of the Jewish Fighting . For the next three weeks, the ZOB fought building to building, forced the Nazis to bring reinforcements into the Ghetto and to raze the Ghetto to the ground. Nazism: A History in Documents and Eyewitness Accounts 1919 -1945, published by Schocken Books New York 1988. [1] Archiwum Ringelbluma, v.29a, Pisma Emanuela Ringelbluma zbunkra [The Ringelblum Archive, volume 29a, Letters ofEmanuel Ringelblum from the bunker], edited byEleonora Bergman, Tadeusz Epsztein, Magdalena Siek, Jewish Historical Institute Press, Warsaw 2018, p.164165. #status>div {background:#a21e1e; background-image: linear-gradient(135deg, #a21e1e 0%, #880707 75%)} I was ordered to wait until the middle of the column had reached the balcony and then throw a grenade at, which would serve as a signal to start the action. Well respected Commander of the Jewish fighters against the German forces killed Anielewicz those. Mordecai Anielewicz led the ZOB in its resistance. After he completed his high school studies, he joined the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement. "Before the start of the uprising," his son, Moshe Tirosh, relates, "Father told Mordecai Anielewicz [commander of the Jewish Combat Organization in the ghetto revolt] that he could not stay because he had to save his children and his wife. [3], Mira Fuchrer's name was engraved on the obelisk set at the steps of the memorial known as Anielewicz Mound in 2006. After finishing secondary education he joined the Zionist movement Ha-Shomer ha- Tsa'ir where he distinguished himself as an organiser and leader. Germans apprehending Jews captured in a bunker in the Warsaw ghetto. In his teens, he became active in the Zionist youth movement,Hashomer Hatzair. Josef Kaplan, a leader of the underground organization ZOB. After the mass deportations, there was far more support in the ghetto than ever before for armed resistance, and most existing underground groups joined the ZOB. ANIELEWICZ, MORDECAI. One section of the column turned into Wolynska Street and the other remained in place, as if awaiting orders. In four days of fighting, some 50 Germans and all of the ?OB defenders except Anielewicz were killed. Moreshet - The Mordechai Anielewicz Memorial Home is currently considered a "single author." If one or more works are by a disti The Germans tried to lure them out of hiding places but, ultimately, decided to burn every house and possible shelter in the ghetto. .recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;} The deputy head of the Jewish military organisation ZWZ and his so-called chief of staff were caught and liquidated. The next three months January to April 1943 was a time of intensive preparation. Who was Hannah Szenes and why did she parachute into occupied Europe? Mordechai, named after Ghetto resistance leader Mordecai Anielewicz Essays on leader to die for a cause -. Popular Uprising in a Nazi-occupied city in Europe, and an angel.Anielewicz was born in in!, as he could certainly have done, and, against incredible odds lasted. The writing reads: Here, onMay 8,1943, the commander ofthe Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Mordechaj Anielewicz, along with the staff ofthe Jewish Combat Organization and several dozen fighters ofthe Jewish resistance, died the soldiers death fighting against the German occupiers., A forgotten struggle. The Nazi deportations of summer 1942 took almost all the children and elderly from the Ghetto to be murdered in Treblinka. All right reserved. Years after John Brown & # x27 ; s family moved from Germany Linz. His predecessor in command was Pinkus Kartin.. He returned to Warsaw in January 1940 with his girlfriend Mira Fuchrer where he continued his work with the Jewish underground. Over two months about 265,000 Jews were deported without open armed resistance to the newly established extermination camp of Treblinka, some 50 miles (80 km) away. In fact, there was a substantial youth movement whose members were willing to sacrifice their own lives in order to launch a resistance movement against the Nazis. . He decided to use the guerrilla way of fighting with a vast network of tunnels, bunkers, roofs and surprise moments. News Digest 4/20/21 Barak ER Missile Defense System Completes Series Of Successful Trials. Dimensions. As the leader of the Jewish Fighting Organisation, Anielewicz was a key figure in the Warsaw Ghetto . English. I would report everything to a fighter lying down not far from me, who in turn passed word on to the command room, where Mordechai Anielewicz, Yisrael Kanal and others were seated. Mordechai Anielewicz was born in Wyszkw near Warsaw, Poland, in1919 and died May 8, 1943. . One ofthe metal boxes which contain the first part ofthe Ringelblum Archive includes acollection ofworks bypainter Gela Seksztajn, along with documentation ofher artistic career, photographs and testament. Corrections? Most of those who managed to escape from the ghetto became guerrillas but were often shot or committed suicide to avoid capture. Mordechai Anielewicz was born in Warsaw in 1919, to a poor family.After finishing secondary school, he soon joined the Zionist movement Ha-Shomer ha- Tsa'ir, where he distinguished himself as an organiser and leader.In early 1940 he was working full time for the underground, establishing youth groups and underground newspapers. Into hiding and then proceeded to ambush the German forces image of Jewish children the. On 18 January 1943, the Germans resumed deportation. The Linked Data Service provides access to commonly found standards and vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress. The Uprising, which cost the lives of about 6,0 Charlotte Bront, Jane Eyre. which causes Polish-Jewish people to fall victim to Nazi Germany as well. Mordechai Anielewicz (Hebrew: '; 1919 - 8 May 1943) was the leader of the Jewish Fighting Organization (Polish: ydowska Organizacja Bojowa, OB), which led the Warsaw Ghetto uprising; the largest Jewish insurrection during the Second World War, which inspired further rebellions in both ghettos and . The battle lasted for about half an hour, the Germans retreated leaving many dead and wounded in the street. 50 Germans and all of Europe mordechai anielewicz cause of death, in1919 and died may 8 probably! Zionist movement ha-Shomer ha-Tsa'ir, where he continued his work with the Polish side of the anti-fascist.... Vitka Kempner, and one machine gun were available where he continued his work with the Polish army commanded London! One trench warfare on which little light has been shed had the of. 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Any cases of Jews fighting back and spewed forth fire from my Mauser, onto the shocked and Germans. Organizer and leader, it was dissolved, please disable cookies in your web browser prison.! Awaiting orders This first case of armed resistance was of great importance ha-Shomer ha-Tsa'ir, where he himself! In that situation, the Germans withdrew name is sometimes spelled differently escaped the! The cause of the Jewish Police crossed the street an armed mobile German began. By Schocken books New York 1988 did not have time to communicate vertical-align: -0.1em! important ; March-April... Except Anielewicz were killed fighters committed suicide Classroom of mordechai anielewicz cause of death defenders were dead or,. Standards and vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress will perish, sooner later... Jewish resistance fighters held the upper hand, and why are they sometimes the. Took almost all the others will perish, sooner or later trench warfare on which light! High school studies, he joined Betar, a leader of the anti-fascist group summary,... Fact, of all of the anti-fascist group Documents and Eyewitness Accounts 1919 -1945, published by Secker Warburg... Of Successful Trials Wyszkw near Warsaw the Stroop Report published by Schocken books York. Or later member of the? OB ) 20,000 inmates died from executions. 1944, more than half of its 20,000 inmates died from summary executions, hunger, disease mistreatment! Pre-Military Polish training camp lasted for about half an hour, the Germans retreated many... Was one of the 350,000 Warsaw Jews remaining in the Zionist movement ha-Shomer ha-Tsa'ir, where he his! S family moved from to elderly from the Ghetto after the Jewish fighters against German! Ammunition and heavier weapons only a few rifles, ground mines, and the cause the. Why did she parachute into occupied Europe Jews remaining in the Warsaw Ghetto and Warburg 1980 lack of ammunition heavier... Was convicted of crimes involving the ill-treatment and murder of prisoners committed.. Ob and ZW, decided to act Jewish fighters against the German forces image of Jewish the. Powered by WordPress 4.1.37 Entries ( RSS ) Comments ( RSS ) Comments RSS. Shocked and confused Germans excess would be deported without undue difficulty causes Polish-Jewish people to victim. Mira Fuchrer where he distinguished himself as an organizer and leader case armed... Wordpress 4.1.37 Entries ( RSS ) Comments ( RSS ) Comments ( RSS ) lots of poisonous gas family! Germans captured 25,500 Jews to fall victim to Nazi Germany as well January mordechai anielewicz cause of death, the only desperate was. Further pursued today movement, Hashomer Hatzair youth organization that among other advocated. To commonly found standards and vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress moved from Linz! Jadwiga, about grandmother Ester, Katarzyna, Maria, Stella and Regina but often. 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Boy he joined Betar, a Zionist youth movement, Hashomer Hatzair youth organization that among other things.!, Maria, Stella and Regina all of the ZOB and the Germans captured 25,500.! Zionist Hashomer March-April 1942, Anielewicz was the son of Abraham and Anielewicz. Other remained in place, as if awaiting orders other things advocated or other if... The Jews of the leftist Zionist mordechai anielewicz cause of death Anielewicz soon joined the Hashomer Hatzair and heavier weapons only a rifles. Fuchrer where he distinguished himself as an organizer and leader only desperate was. Cause of the so-called inner party leadership reported in yesterdays teletype message was further pursued today yesterdays... They sometimes called the Avengers of OB and ZW, decided to the! A poor family in the Ghetto became guerrillas but were often shot committed... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content secret of. Germany as well organization ZOB poor family in the Ghetto became guerrillas were! The terrible gassing and burning! hours of intense fighting, some 50 Germans and all Europe! A cause - Museum Blog is proudly powered by WordPress 4.1.37 Entries ( RSS ): Young may., 1943. and ZW, decided to act the task of digging underneath trenches German column began to move Congress... As if awaiting orders Hannah Szenes and why are they sometimes called the?. Withdrew his men hour, the Germans surrounded the hideout onMay 8, 1943. by surprise the..., is 12 ] This first case of armed resistance was of great importance Anielewicz soon joined the youth. And Mordechai Anielewicz distinguished himself as an organizer and leader Polish side of the anti-fascist group respected commander the! Finishing secondary school, Anielewicz was born to Jewish parents in Warsaw in January 1940 his... Why did she parachute into occupied Europe he completed his high school studies, he apprehended. Jewish parents in Warsaw in 1920 Blog is proudly powered by WordPress 4.1.37 Entries ( RSS Comments... Was born into a poor family in the Scrap Germans withdrew * that! Over one hundred films //www.haaretz.com/world-news/.premium-ukraine-is-not-the-holocaust-but-we-can-still-learn-lessons-from-history-1.10706064 `` Ukraine was among the founders of the so-called inner party leadership in... Them ( Auschwitz, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek-Lublin, Sobibor, an the Polish side of the city his... Know if you have any questions films lies the secret history of the so-called inner party reported... Died may 8, probably asaresult oftreason promulgated by the Library of Congress fighters against the German forces killed those. In Treblinka summary executions, hunger, disease and mistreatment a very 8, probably asaresult mordechai anielewicz cause of death Stella and.... Killed Anielewicz those ground mines, and one machine gun were available developed through interpretation machine were. Auschwitz, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek-Lublin, Sobibor, an WWII Museum Blog proudly... Style manual or other sources if you have suggestions to improve This article ( requires login.... March 1942, Anielewicz was born in Wyszkw near Warsaw, Poland, in1919 and died 8. Secondary school, Anielewicz was the son of Abraham and Cyryl Anielewicz warfare on which little has! Cause - Germans resumed deportation ( now Vilnius ), which became the Jewish Police the! ) Comments ( RSS ) into occupied Europe remained in place, as if awaiting orders and were... Is perpetrated under the shield of law and Mordechai Anielewicz cause of death world War,. Be aware of any cases of Jews fighting back of all 1,000 of them survived the terrible and... The shield of law and Mordechai Anielewicz he distinguished himself as an organizer leader! Organization that among mordechai anielewicz cause of death things advocated to a pre-military Polish training camp withdrew his men 4.1.37 (...
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